软件工程 实践者的研究方法(英文精编版·原书第9版) 机械工业出版社 下载 pdf 百度网盘 epub 免费 2025 电子书 mobi 在线

本书是软件工程领域的经典著作，自第1版出版至今，近40年来在软件工程界产生了巨大而深远的影响。第9版在继承之前版本风格与优势的基础上，不仅更新了全书内容，而且优化了篇章结构。本书共四个部分，涵盖软件过程、建模、质量与安全、软件项目管理等主题，对概念、原则、方法和工具的介绍细致、清晰且实用。此外，书中还提供了丰富的扩展阅读资源和网络资源。本版基于原书第9版进行改编，保留基本的软件工程知识体系，删除面向研究生的高级话题、面向专门化的软件开发实践的内容、面向软件行业高级工程人员的参考内容、其他课程中应包含的知识和内容，从而更加适合作为高等院校计算机、软件工程及相关专业本科生的软件工程课程教材。

Table of Contents

Preface xxvii

CHAPTER 1 SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1

1.1 The Nature of Software 4

1.1.1 Defining Software 5

1.1.2 Software Application Domains 7

1.1.3 Legacy Software 8

1.2 Defining the Discipline 8

1.3 The Software Process 9

1.3.1 The Process Framework 10

1.3.2 Umbrella Activities 11

1.3.3 Process Adaptation 11

1.4 Software Engineering Practice 12

1.4.1 The Essence of Practice 12

1.4.2 General Principles 14

1.5 How It All Starts 15

1.6 Summary 17

PART ONE THE SOFTWARE PROCESS 19

CHAPTER 2 PROCESS MODELS 20

2.1 A Generic Process Model 21

2.2 Defining a Framework Activity 23

2.3 Identifying a Task Set 23

2.4 Preive Process Models 25

2.4.1 The Waterfall Model 25

2.4.2 Prototyping Process Model 26

2.4.3 Evolutionary Process Model 29

2.4.4 Unified Process Model 31

2.5 Product and Process 33

2.6 Summary 35

CHAPTER 3 AGILITY AND PROCESS 37

3.1 What Is Agility? 38

3.2 Agility and the Cost of Change 39

3.3 What Is an Agile Process? 40

3.3.1 Agility Principles 40

3.3.2 The Politics of Agile Development 41

3.4 Scrum 42

3.4.1 Scrum Teams and Artifacts 43

3.4.2 Sprint Planning Meeting 44

3.4.3 Daily Scrum Meeting 44

3.4.4 Sprint Review Meeting 45

3.4.5 Sprint Retrospective 45

3.5 Other Agile Frameworks 46

3.5.1 The XP Framework 46

3.5.2 Kanban 48

3.5.3 DevOps 50

3.6 Summary 51

CHAPTER 4 RECOMMENDED PROCESS MODEL 54

4.1 Requirements Definition 57

4.2 Preliminary Architectural Design 59

4.3 Resource Estimation 60

4.4 First Prototype Construction 61

4.5 Prototype Evaluation 64

4.6 Go,No-Go Decision 65

4.7 Prototype Evolution 67

4.7.1 New Prototype Scope 67

4.7.2 Constructing New Prototypes 68

4.7.3 Testing New Prototypes 68

4.8 Prototype Release 68

4.9 Maintain Release Software 69

4.10 Summary 72

CHAPTER 5 HUMAN ASPECTS OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 74

5.1 Characteristics of a Software Engineer 75

5.2 The Psychology of Software Engineering 75

5.3 The Software Team 76

5.4 Team Structures 78

5.5 The Impact of Social Media 79

5.6 Global Teams 80

5.7 Summary 81

PART TWO MODELING 83

CHAPTER 6 UNDERSTANDING REQUIREMENTS 84

6.1 Requirements Engineering 85

6.1.1 Inception 86

6.1.2 Elicitation 86

6.1.3 Elaboration 86

6.1.4 Negotiation 87

6.1.5 Specification 87

6.1.6 Validation 87

6.1.7 Requirements Management 88

6.2 Establishing the Groundwork 89

6.2.1 Identifying Stakeholders 89

6.2.2 Recognizing Multiple Viewpoints 89

6.2.3 Working Toward Collaboration 90

6.2.4 Asking the First Questions 90

6.2.5 Nonfunctional Requirements 91

6.2.6 Traceability 91

CHAPTER 7 REQUIREMENTS MODELING-A RECOMMENDED APPROACH 108

7.1 Requirements Analysis 109

7.1.1 Overall Objectives and Philosophy 110

7.1.2 Analysis Rules of Thumb 110

7.1.3 Requirements Modeling Principles 111

7.2 Scenario-Based Modeling 112

7.2.1 Actors and User Profiles 113

7.2.2 Creating Use Cases 113

7.2.3 Documenting Use Cases 117

7.3 Class-Based Modeling 119

7.3.1 Identifying Analysis Classes 119

7.3.2 Defining Attributes and Operations 122

7.3.3 UML Class Models 123

7.3.4 Class-Responsibility-Collaborator Modeling 126

7.4 Functional Modeling 128

7.4.1 A Procedural View 128

7.4.2 UML Sequence Diagrams 130

7.5 Behavioral Modeling 131

7.5.1 Identifying Events with the Use Case 131

7.5.2 UML State Diagrams 132

7.5.3 UML Activity Diagrams 133

7.6 Summary 136

HAPTER 8 DESIGN CONCEPTS 138

8.1 Design Within the Context of Software Engineering 139

8.2 The Design Process 141

8.2.1 Software Quality Guidelines and Attributes 142

8.2.2 The Evolution of Software Design 143

8.3 Design Concepts 145

8.3.1 Abstraction 145

8.3.2 Architecture 145

8.3.3 Patterns 146

8.3.4 Separation of Concerns 147

8.3.5 Modularity 147

8.3.6 Information Hiding 148

8.3.7 Functional Independence 149

8.3.8 Stepwise Refinement 149

8.3.9 Refactoring 150

8.3.10 Design Classes 151

8.4 The Design Model 153

8.4.1 Design Modeling Principles 155

8.4.2 Data Design Elements 156

8.4.3 Architectural Design Elements 157

8.4.4 Interface Design Elements 157

8.4.5 Component-Level Design Elements 158

8.4.6 Deployment-Level Design Elements 159

8.5 Summary 160

CHAPTER 9 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN-A RECOMMENDED APPROACH 163

9.1 Software Architecture 164

9.1.1 What Is Architecture? 164

9.1.2 Why Is Architecture Important? 165

9.1.3 Architectural Deions 165

9.1.4 Architectural Decisions 166

9.2 Agility and Architecture 167

9.3 Architectural Styles 168

9.3.1 A Brief Taxonomy of Architectural Styles 169

9.3.2 Architectural Patterns 174

9.3.3 Organization and Refinement 175

9.4 Architectural Considerations 175

9.5 Architectural Decisions 177

9.6 Architectural Design 178

9.6.1 Representing the System in Context 178

9.6.2 Defining Archetypes 179

9.6.3 Refining the Architecture into Components 180

9.6.4 Describing Instantiations of the System 182

9.7 Assessing Alternative Architectural Designs 183

9.7.1 Architectural Reviews 184

9.7.2 Pattern-Based Architecture Review 185

9.7.3 Architecture Conformance Checking 186

9.8 Summary 186

CHAPTER 10 COMPONENT-LEVEL DESIGN 188

10.1 What Is a Component? 189

10.1.1 An Object-Oriented View 189

10.1.2 The Traditional View 191

10.1.3 A Process-Related View 193

10.2 Designing Class-Based Components 194

10.2.1 Basic Design Principles 194

10.2.2 Component-Level Design Guidelines 197

10.2.3 Cohesion 198

10.2.4 Coupling 200

10.3 Conducting Component-Level Design 201

10.4 Specialized Component-Level Design 207

10.5 Component Refactoring 211

10.6 Summary 212

CHAPTER 11 USER EXPERIENCE DESIGN 215

11.1 User Experience Design Elements 216

11.1.1 Information Architecture 217

11.1.2 User Interaction Design 218

11.1.3 Usability Engineering 218

11.1.4 Visual Design 219

ART THREE QUALITY AND SECURITY 241

CHAPTER 12 QUALITY CONCEPTS 242

12.1 What Is Quality? 243

12.2 Software Quality 244

12.2.1 Quality Factors 244

12.2.2 Qualitative Quality Assessment 246

12.2.3 Quantitative Quality Assessment 247

12.3 The Software Quality Dilemma 247

12.3.1 “Good Enough” Software 248

12.3.2 The Cost of Quality 24912.3.3 Risks 251

12.3.4 Negligence and Liability 252

12.3.5 The Impact of Management Actions 252

12.4 Achieving Software Quality 253

12.4.1 Software Engineering Methods 253

12.4.2 Project Management Techniques 254

12.4.3 Quality Control 254

12.4.4 Quality Assurance 254

12.5 Summary 254

HAPTER 13 REVIEWS-A RECOMMENDED APPROACH 257

13.1 Cost Impact of Software Defects 258

13.2 Defect Amplification and Removal 259

13.3 Review Metrics and Their Use 259

13.4 Criteria for Types of Reviews 262

13.5 Informal Reviews 263

13.6 Formal Technical Reviews 264

13.6.1 The Review Meeting 264

13.6.2 Review Reporting and Record Keeping 265

13.6.3 Review Guidelines 266

13.7 Postmortem Evaluations 268

13.8 Agile Reviews 268

13.9 Summary 269

CHAPTER 14 SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURANCE 271

14.1 Background Issues 273

14.2 Elements of Software Quality Assurance 273

14.3 SQA Processes and Product Characteristics 275

14.4 SQA Tasks,Goals,and Metrics 275

14.4.1 SQA Tasks 275

14.4.2 Goals,Attributes,and Metrics 277

14.5 27914.5.1 A Generic Example 279

14.5.2 Six Sigma for Software Engineering 281

14.6 The ISO 9000 Quality Standards 281

14.7 The SQA Plan 282

14.8 Summary 283

CHAPTER 15 SOFTWARE TESTING-COMPONENT LEVEL 284

15.1 A Strategic Approach to Software Testing 285

15.1.1 Verification and Validation 285

15.1.2 Organizing for Software Testing 286

15.1.3 The Big Picture 287

15.1.4 Criteria for “Done” 289

15.2 Planning and Recordkeeping 290

15.2.1 Role of Scaffolding 291

15.2.2 Cost-Effective Testing 291

15.3 Test-Case Design 293

15.3.1 Requirements and Use Cases 294

15.3.2 Traceability 295

15.4 White-Box Testing 295

15.4.1 Basis Path Testing 296

15.4.2 Control Structure Testing 298

15.5 300Black-Box Testing

15.5.1 Interface Testing 300

15.5.2 Equivalence Partitioning 301

15.5.3 Boundary Value Analysis 301

15.6 Object-Oriented Testing 302

15.6.1 Class Testing 302

15.6.2 Behavioral Testing 304

15.7 Summary 305

CHAPTER 16 SOFTWARE TESTING-INTEGRATION LEVEL 307

16.1 Software Testing Fundamentals 308

16.1.1 Black-Box Testing 309

16.1.2 White-Box Testing 309

16.2 Integration Testing 310

16.2.1 Top-Down Integration 310

16.2.2 Bottom-Up Integration 311

16.2.3 Continuous Integration 312

16.2.4 Integration Test Work Products 314

16.3 Artificial Intelligence and Regression Testing 314

16.4 Integration Testing in the OO Context 316

16.4.1 Fault-Based Test-Case Design 317

16.4.2 Scenario-Based Test-Case Design 319

16.5 Validation Testing 319

16.6 Summary 321

CHAPTER 17 SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT 323

17.1 Software Configuration Management 324

17.1.1 An SCM Scenario 325

17.1.2 Elements of a Configuration Management System 326

17.1.3 Baselines 327

17.1.4 Software Configuration Items 327

17.1.5 Management of Dependencies and Changes 328

17.2 The SCM Repository 329

17.2.1 General Features and Content 330

17.2.2 SCM Features 330

17.3 Version Control Systems 331

17.4 Continuous Integration 332

17.5 The Change Management Process 333

17.5.1 Change Control 334

17.5.2 Impact Management 337

17.5.3 Configuration Audit 337

17.5.4 Status Reporting 338

17.6 Summary 338

HAPTER 18 SOFTWARE METRICS AND ANALYTICS 340

18.1 Software Measurement 341

18.1.1 Measures,Metrics,and Indicators 341

18.1.2 Attributes of Effective Software Metrics 342

18.2 Software Analytics 342

18.3 Product Metrics 343

18.3.1 Metrics for the Requirements Model 344

18.3.2 Design Metrics for Conventional Software 346

18.3.3 Design Metrics for Object-Oriented Software 348

18.3.4 User Interface Design Metrics 351

18.3.5 Metrics for Source Code 353

18.4 Process and Project Metrics 354

18.5 Software Metrics 357

18.6 Metrics for Software Quality 360

18.7 Summary 363

PART FOUR MANAGING SOFTWARE PROJECTS 365

CHAPTER 19 PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS 366

19.1 The Management Spectrum 367

19.1.1 The People 367

19.1.2 The Product 367

19.1.3 The Process 368

19.1.4 The Project 368

19.2 People 369

19.2.1 The Stakeholders 369

19.2.2 Team Leaders 369

19.2.3 The Software Team 370

19.2.4 Coordination and Communications Issues 372

19.3 Product 373

19.3.1 Software Scope 373

19.3.2 Problem Decomposition 373

19.4 Process 374

19.4.1 Melding the Product and the Process 374

19.4.2 Process Decomposition 374

19.5 Project 376

19.6 The W5HH Principle 377

19.7 Critical Practices 378

19.8 Summary 378

CHAPTER 20 CREATING A VIABLE SOFTWARE PLAN 380

20.1 Comments on Estimation 381

20.2 The Project Planning Process 382

20.3 Software Scope and Feasibility 383

20.4 Resources 384

20.4.1 uman Resources 384

20.4.2 Reusable Software Resources 385

20.4.3 Environmental Resources 385

20.5 Project Scheduling 386

20.5.1 Basic Principles 387

20.5.2 The Relationship Between People and Effort 388

20.6 Defining a Project Task Set 389

20.6.1 A Task Set Example 390

20.6.2 efnement of Major Tasks 390

20.7 Defning a Task Network 391

20.8 Scheduling 392

20.8.1 Time-Line Charts 392

20.8.2 racking the Schedule 394

20.9 Summary 396

CHAPTER 21 RISK MANAGEMENT 398

21.1 Reactive Versus Proactive Risk Strategies 399

21.2 Software Risks 400

21.3Risk Identification 401

21.3.1 Assessing Overall Project Risk 402

21.3.2 Risk Components and Drivers 403

21.4 Risk Projection 404

21.4.1 Developing a Risk Table 404

21.4.2 Assessing Risk Impact 406

21.5 Risk Refinement 408

21.6 Risk Mitigation,Monitoring,and Management 409

21.7 The RMMM Plan 412

21.8 Summary 413

CHAPTER 22 A STRATEGY FOR SOFTWARE SUPPORT 415

22.1 Software Support 416

22.2 Software Maintenance 418

22.3 Proactive Software Support 423

22.3.1 Use of Software Analytics 424

22.3.2 Role of Social Media 425

22.3.3 Cost of Support 425

22.4 Refactoring 426

22.4.1 Data Refactoring 427

22.4.2 Code Refactoring 427

22.4.3 Architecture Refactoring 427

22.5 Software Evolution 428

22.5.1 Inventory Analysis 429

22.5.2 Document Restructuring 430

22.5.3 Reverse Engineering 430

22.5.4 Code Refactoring 430

22.5.5 Data Refactoring 430

22.5.6 Forward Engineering 431

22.6 Summary 431

APPENDIX 1

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书籍介绍

本书的各个版本一直都是软件专业人士熟悉的读物，在国际软件工程界享有无可质疑的地位。它在全面而系统、概括而清晰地介绍软件工程的有关概念、原则、方法和工具方面获得了广大读者的好评。此外，本书在给出传统的、对学科发展具有深刻影响的方法时，又适当地介绍了当前正在发展的、具有生命力的新技术。