相平衡、相图和相变——其热力学基础（第二版）（英文影印版） 北京大学旗舰店正版 下载 pdf 百度网盘 epub 免费 2025 电子书 mobi 在线

　　《相平衡、相图和相变——其热力学基础（第二版）（英文影印版）》主要内容为现代计算机应用观点下的热力学基本原理。 化学平衡和化学变化的理论基础也是本书的内容之一，其重点在于相图的性质。本书从基本原理出发，讨论延及多相的系统。第二版新增加的内容包括不可逆热力学、极值原理和表面、界面热力学等等。 平衡条件的理论刻画、系统的平衡状态和达到平衡时的变化都以图解的形式给出。

《相平衡、相图和相变——其热力学基础（第二版）（英文影印版）》适合材料科学与工程领域的研究人员、研究生和高年级本科生阅读。

Preface to second edition page xii

Preface to first edition xiii

1 Basic concepts of thermodynamics 

　1.1 External state variables 

　1.2 Internal state variables 

　1.3 The first law of thermodynamics 

　1.4 Freezing-in conditions 

　1.5 Reversible and irreversible processes 

　1.6 Second law of thermodynamics 

　1.7 Condition of internal equilibrium 

　1.8 Driving force 

　1.9 Combined first and second law 

　1.10 General conditions of equilibrium 

　1.11 Characteristic state functions 

　1.12 Entropy 

2 Manipulation of thermodynamic quantities 

　2.1 Evaluation of one characteristic state function from another 

　2.2 Internal variables at equilibrium 

　2.3 Equations of state 

　2.4 Experimental conditions 

　2.5 Notation for partial derivatives 

　2.6 Use of various derivatives 

　2.7 Comparison between CV and CP 

　2.8 Change of independent variables 

　2.9 Maxwell relations 

3 Systems with variable composition 

　3.1 Chemical potential 

　3.2 Molar and integral quantities 

　3.3 More about characteristic state functions 

　3.4 Additivity of extensive quantities. Free energy and exergy 

　3.5 Various forms of the combined law 

　3.6 Calculation of equilibrium 

　3.7 Evaluation of the driving force 

　3.8 Driving force for molecular reactions 

　3.9 Evaluation of integrated driving force as function of

　T or P 

　3.10 Effective driving force 

4 Practical handling of multicomponent systems 

　4.1 Partial quantities 

　4.2 Relations for partial quantities 

　4.3 Alternative variables for composition 

　4.4 The lever rule 

　4.5 The tie-line rule 

　4.6 Different sets of components 

　4.7 Constitution and constituents 

　4.8 Chemical potentials in a phase with sublattices 

5 Thermodynamics of processes 

　5.1 Thermodynamic treatment of kinetics of

　internal processes 

　5.2 Transformation of the set of processes 

　5.3 Alternative methods of transformation 

　5.4 Basic thermodynamic considerations for processes 

　5.5 Homogeneous chemical reactions 

　5.6 Transport processes in discontinuous systems 

　5.7 Transport processes in continuous systems 

　5.8 Substitutional diffusion 

　5.9 Onsager’s extremum principle 

6 Stability 

　6.1 Introduction 

　6.2 Some necessary conditions of stability 

　6.3 Sufficient conditions of stability 

　6.4 Summary of stability conditions 

　6.5 Limit of stability 

　6.6 Limit of stability against fluctuations in composition 

　6.7 Chemical capacitance 

　6.8 Limit of stability against fluctuations of

　internal variables 

　6.9 Le Chatelier’s principle 

7 Applications of molar Gibbs energy diagrams 

　7.1 Molar Gibbs energy diagrams for binary systems 

　7.2 Instability of binary solutions 

　7.3 Illustration of the Gibbs–Duhem relation 

　7.4 Two-phase equilibria in binary systems 

　7.5 Allotropic phase boundaries 

　7.6 Effect of a pressure difference on a two-phase

　equilibrium 

　7.7 Driving force for the formation of a new phase 

　7.8 Partitionless transformation under local equilibrium 

　7.9 Activation energy for a fluctuation 

　7.10 Ternary systems 

　7.11 Solubility product 

8 Phase equilibria and potential phase diagrams 

　8.1 Gibbs’ phase rule 

　8.2 Fundamental property diagram 

　8.3 Topology of potential phase diagrams 

　8.4 Potential phase diagrams in binary and multinary systems 

　8.5 Sections of potential phase diagrams 

　8.6 Binary systems 

　8.7 Ternary systems 

　8.8 Direction of phase fields in potential phase diagrams 

　8.9 Extremum in temperature and pressure 

9 Molar phase diagrams 

　9.1 Molar axes 

　9.2 Sets of conjugate pairs containing molar variables 

　9.3 Phase boundaries 

　9.4 Sections of molar phase diagrams 

　9.5 Schreinemakers’ rule 

　9.6 Topology of sectioned molar diagrams 

10 Projected and mixed phase diagrams 

　10.1 Schreinemakers’ projection of potential phase diagrams 

　10.2 The phase field rule and projected diagrams 

　10.3 Relation between molar diagrams and Schreinemakers’

　projected diagrams 

　10.4 Coincidence of projected surfaces 

　10.5 Projection of higher-order invariant equilibria 

　10.6 The phase field rule and mixed diagrams 

　10.7 Selection of axes in mixed diagrams 

　10.8 Konovalov’s rule 

　10.9 General rule for singular equilibria 

11 Direction of phase boundaries 

　11.1 Use of distribution coefficient 

　11.2 Calculation of allotropic phase boundaries 

　11.3 Variation of a chemical potential in a two-phase field 

　11.4 Direction of phase boundaries 

　11.5 Congruent melting points 

　11.6 Vertical phase boundaries 

　11.7 Slope of phase boundaries in isothermal sections 

　11.8 The effect of a pressure difference between two phases 

12 Sharp and gradual phase transformations 

　12.1 Experimental conditions 

　12.2 Characterization of phase transformations 

　12.3 Microstructural character 

　12.4 Phase transformations in alloys 

　12.5 Classification of sharp phase transformations 

　12.6 Applications of Schreinemakers’ projection 

　12.7 Scheil’s reaction diagram 

　12.8 Gradual phase transformations at fixed composition 

　12.9 Phase transformations controlled by a chemical potential 

13 Transformations in closed systems 

　13.1 The phase field rule at constant composition 

　13.2 Reaction coefficients in sharp transformations

　for p = c +　

　13.3 Graphical evaluation of reaction coefficients 

　13.4 Reaction coefficients in gradual transformations

　for p = c 

　13.5 Driving force for sharp phase transformations 

　13.6 Driving force under constant chemical potential 

　13.7 Reaction coefficients at constant chemical potential 

　13.8 Compositional degeneracies for p = c 

　13.9 Effect of two compositional degeneracies for p = c .　

14 Partitionless transformations 

　14.1 Deviation from local equilibrium 

　14.2 Adiabatic phase transformation 

　14.3 Quasi-adiabatic phase transformation 

　14.4 Partitionless transformations in binary system 

　14.5 Partial chemical equilibrium 

　14.6 Transformations in steel under quasi-paraequilibrium 

　14.7 Transformations in steel under partitioning of alloying elements 

15 Limit of stability and critical phenomena 

　15.1 Transformations and transitions 

　15.2 Order–disorder transitions 

　15.3 Miscibility gaps 

　15.4 Spinodal decomposition 

　15.5 Tri-critical points 

16 Interfaces 

　16.1 Surface energy and surface stress 

　16.2 Phase equilibrium at curved interfaces 

　16.3 Phase equilibrium at fluid/fluid interfaces 

　16.4 Size stability for spherical inclusions 

　16.5 Nucleation 

　16.6 Phase equilibrium at crystal/fluid interface 

　16.7 Equilibrium at curved interfaces with regard to composition 

　16.8 Equilibrium for crystalline inclusions with regard to composition 

　16.9 Surface segregation 

　16.10 Coherency within a phase 

　16.11 Coherency between two phases 

　16.12 Solute drag 

17 Kinetics of transport processes 

　17.1 Thermal activation 

　17.2 Diffusion coefficients 

　17.3 Stationary states for transport processes 

　17.4 Local volume change 

　17.5 Composition of material crossing an interface 

　17.6 Mechanisms of interface migration 

　17.7 Balance of forces and dissipation 

18 Methods of modelling 

　18.1 General principles 

　18.2 Choice of characteristic state function 

　18.3 Reference states 

　18.4 Representation of Gibbs energy of formation 

　18.5 Use of power series in T 

　18.6 Representation of pressure dependence 

　18.7 Application of physical models 

　18.8 Ideal gas 

　18.9 Real gases 

　18.10 Mixtures of gas species 

　18.11 Black-body radiation 

　18.12 Electron gas 

19 Modelling of disorder 

　19.1 Introduction 

　19.2 Thermal vacancies in a crystal 

　19.3 Topological disorder 

　19.4 Heat capacity due to thermal vibrations 

　19.5 Magnetic contribution to thermodynamic properties 

　19.6 A simple physical model for the magnetic contribution 

　19.7 Random mixture of atoms 

　19.8 Restricted random mixture 

　19.9 Crystals with stoichiometric vacancies 

　19.10 Interstitial solutions 

20 Mathematical modelling of solution phases 

　20.1 Ideal solution 

　20.2 Mixing quantities 

　20.3 Excess quantities 

　20.4 Empirical approach to substitutional solutions 

　20.5 Real solutions 

　20.6 Applications of the Gibbs–Duhem relation 

　20.7 Dilute solution approximations 

　20.8 Predictions for solutions in higher-order systems 

　20.9 Numerical methods of predictions for higher-order systems 

21 Solution phases with sublattices 

　21.1 Sublattice solution phases 

　21.2 Interstitial solutions 

　21.3 Reciprocal solution phases 

　21.4 Combination of interstitial and substitutional solution 

　21.5 Phases with variable order 

　21.6 Ionic solid solutions 

22 Physical solution models 

　22.1 Concept of nearest-neighbour bond energies 

　22.2 Random mixing model for a substitutional solution 

　22.3 Deviation from random distribution 

　22.4 Short-range order 

　22.5 Long-range order 

　22.6 Long- and short-range order 

　22.7 The compound energy formalism with short-range order 

　22.8 Interstitial ordering 

　22.9 Composition dependence of physical effects 

References 

Index

　　(瑞典)希勒特（M. Hillert），瑞典皇家工学院教授。

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　　《相平衡、相图和相变——其热力学基础（第二版）》是影印版英文专著，原书由剑桥大学出版社于2008年出版。相平衡、相变等热力学原理是理解、设计材料属性的基础。计算工具的出现使材料学家能够处理越来越复杂的情况，但对于热力学基础理论的理解也越来越重要。本书图文并茂，深入浅出地讲解了热力学原理以及在计算机计算中的应用，对于材料科学、材料工程方面的研究者会有很大帮助。