相平衡、相图和相变:其热力学基础 (瑞典)希勒特(M. Hillert) 北京大学出版社【.正版】 下载 pdf 百度网盘 epub 免费 2025 电子书 mobi 在线

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Preface to second edition page i

Preface to first edition ii

1 Basic concepts of thermodynamics

　1.1 External state variables

　1.2 Internal state variables

　1.3 The first law of thermodynamics

　1.4 Freezing-in conditions

　1.5 Reversible and irreversible processes

　1.6 Second law of thermodynamics

　1.7 Condition of internal equilibrium

　1.8 Driving force

　1.9 Combined first and second law

　1.10 General conditions of equilibrium

　1.11 Characteristic state functions

　1.12 Entropy

2 Manipulation of thermodynamic quantities

　2.1 Evaluation of one characteristic state function from another

　2.2 Internal variables at equilibrium

　2.3 Equations of state

　2.4 Experimental conditions

　2.5 Notation for partial derivatives

　2.6 Use of various derivatives

　2.7 Comparison between CV and CP

　2.8 Change of independent variables

　2.9 Maxwell relations

3 Systems with variable compositio

　3.1 Chemical potential

　3.2 Molar and integral quantities

　3.3 More about characteristic state functions

　3.4 Additivity of extensive quantities. Free energy and exergy

　3.5 Various forms of the combined law

　3.6 Calculation of equilibrium

　3.7 Evaluation of the driving force

　3.8 Driving force for molecular reactions

　3.9 Evaluation of integrated driving force as function of

　T or P

　3.10 Effective driving force

4 Practical handling of multicomponent systems

　4.1 Partial quantities

　4.2 Relations for partial quantities

　4.3 Alternative variables for compositio

　4.4 The lever rule

　4.5 The tie-line rule

　4.6 Different sets of components

　4.7 Constitution and constituents

　4.8 Chemical potentials in a phase with sublattices

5 Thermodynamics of processes

　5.1 Thermodynamic treatment of kinetics of

　internal processes

　5.2 Transformation of the set of processes

　5.3 Alternative methods of transformatio

　5.4 Basic thermodynamic considerations for processes

　5.5 Homogeneous chemical reactions

　5.6 Transport processes in discontinuous systems

　5.7 Transport processes in continuous systems

　5.8 Substitutional diffusio

　5.9 Onsager’s extremum principle

6 Stability

　6.1 Introductio

　6.2 Some necessary conditions of stability

　6.3 Sufficient conditions of stability

　6.4 Summary of stability conditions

　6.5 Limit of stability

　6.6 Limit of stability against fluctuations in compositio

　6.7 Chemical capacitance

　6.8 Limit of stability against fluctuations of

　internal variables

　6.9 Le Chatelier’s principle

7 Applications of molar Gibbs energy diagrams

　7.1 Molar Gibbs energy diagrams for binary systems

　7.2 Instability of binary solutions

　7.3 Illustration of the Gibbs–Duhem relatio

　7.4 Two-phase equilibria in binary systems

　7.5 Allotropic phase boundaries

　7.6 Effect of a pressure difference on a two-phase

　equilibrium

　7.7 Driving force for the formation of a new phase

　7.8 Partitionless transformation under local equilibrium

　7.9 Activation energy for a fluctuatio

　7.10 Ternary systems

　7.11 Solubility product

8 Phase equilibria and potential phase diagrams

　8.1 Gibbs’ phase rule

　8.2 Fundamental property diagram

　8.3 Topology of potential phase diagrams

　8.4 Potential phase diagrams in binary and multinary systems

　8.5 Sections of potential phase diagrams

　8.6 Binary systems

　8.7 Ternary systems

　8.8 Direction of phase fields in potential phase diagrams

　8.9 Extremum in temperature and pressure

9 Molar phase diagrams

　9.1 Molar axes

　9.2 Sets of conjugate pairs containing molar variables

　9.3 Phase boundaries

　9.4 Sections of molar phase diagrams

　9.5 Schreinemakers’ rule

　9.6 Topology of sectioned molar diagrams

10 Projected and mixed phase diagrams

　10.1 Schreinemakers’ projection of potential phase diagrams

　10.2 The phase field rule and projected diagrams

　10.3 Relation between molar diagrams and Schreinemakers’

　projected diagrams

　10.4 Coincidence of projected surfaces

　10.5 Projection of higher-order invariant equilibria

　10.6 The phase field rule and mixed diagrams

　10.7 Selection of axes in mixed diagrams

　10.8 Konovalov’s rule

　10.9 General rule for singular equilibria

11 Direction of phase boundaries

　11.1 Use of distribution coefficient

　11.2 Calculation of allotropic phase boundaries

　11.3 Variation of a chemical potential in a two-phase field

　11.4 Direction of phase boundaries

　11.5 Congruent melting points

　11.6 Vertical phase boundaries

　11.7 Slope of phase boundaries in isothermal sections

　11.8 The effect of a pressure difference between two phases

12 Sharp and gradual phase transformations

　12.1 Experimental conditions

　12.2 Characterization of phase transformations

　12.3 Microstructural character

　12.4 Phase transformations in alloys

　12.5 Classification of sharp phase transformations

　12.6 Applications of Schreinemakers’ projectio

　12.7 Scheil’s reaction diagram

　12.8 Gradual phase transformations at fixed compositio

　12.9 Phase transformations controlled by a chemical potential

13 Transformations in closed systems

　13.1 The phase field rule at constant compositio

　13.2 Reaction coefficients in sharp transformations

　for p = c 　

　13.3 Graphical evaluation of reaction coefficients

　13.4 Reaction coefficients in gradual transformations

　for p = c

　13.5 Driving force for sharp phase transformations

　13.6 Driving force under constant chemical potential

　13.7 Reaction coefficients at constant chemical potential

　13.8 Compositional degeneracies for p = c

　13.9 Effect of two compositional degeneracies for p = c .　

14 Partitionless transformations

　14.1 Deviation from local equilibrium

　14.2 Adiabatic phase transformatio

　14.3 Quasi-adiabatic phase transformatio

　14.4 Partitionless transformations in binary system

　14.5 Partial chemical equilibrium

　14.6 Transformations in steel under quasi-paraequilibrium

　14.7 Transformations in steel under partitioning of alloying elements

15 Limit of stability and critical phenomena

　15.1 Transformations and transitions

　15.2 Order–disorder transitions

　15.3 Miscibility gaps

　15.4 Spinodal decompositio

　15.5 Tri-critical points

16 Interfaces

　16.1 Surface energy and surface stress

　16.2 Phase equilibrium at curved interfaces

　16.3 Phase equilibrium at fluid/fluid interfaces

　16.4 Size stability for spherical inclusions

　16.5 Nucleatio

　16.6 Phase equilibrium at crystal/fluid interface

　16.7 Equilibrium at curved interfaces with regard to compositio

　16.8 Equilibrium for crystalline inclusions with regard to compositio

　16.9 Surface segregatio

　16.10 Coherency within a phase

　16.11 Coherency between two phases

　16.12 Solute drag

17 Kinetics of transport processes

　17.1 Thermal activatio

　17.2 Diffusion coefficients

　17.3 Stationary states for transport processes

　17.4 Local volume change

　17.5 Composition of material crossing an interface

　17.6 Mechanisms of interface migratio

　17.7 Balance of forces and dissipatio

18 Methods of modelling

　18.1 General principles

　18.2 Choice of characteristic state functio

　18.3 Reference states

　18.4 Representation of Gibbs energy of formatio

　18.5 Use of power series in T

　18.6 Representation of pressure dependence

　18.7 Application of physical models

　18.8 Ideal gas

　18.9 Real gases

　18.10 Mixtures of gas species

　18.11 Black-body radiatio

　18.12 Electron gas

19 Modelling of disorder

　19.1 Introductio

　19.2 Thermal vacancies in a crystal

　19.3 Topological disorder

　19.4 Heat capacity due to thermal vibrations

　19.5 Magnetic contribution to thermodynamic properties

　19.6 A simple physical model for the magnetic contributio

　19.7 Random mixture of atoms

　19.8 Restricted random mixture

　19.9 Crystals with stoichiometric vacancies

　19.10 Interstitial solutions

20 Mathematical modelling of solution phases

　20.1 Ideal solutio

　20.2 Ming quantities

　20.3 Excess quantities

　20.4 Empirical approach to substitutional solutions

　20.5 Real solutions

　20.6 Applications of the Gibbs–Duhem relatio

　20.7 Dilute solution appromations

　20.8 Predictions for solutions in higher-order systems

　20.9 Numerical methods of predictions for higher-order systems

21 Solution phases with sublattices

　21.1 Sublattice solution phases

　21.2 Interstitial solutions

　21.3 Reciprocal solution phases

　21.4 Combination of interstitial and substitutional solutio

　21.5 Phases with variable order

　21.6 Ionic solid solutions

22 Physical solution models

　22.1 Concept of nearest-neiour bond energies

　22.2 Random ming model for a substitutional solutio

　22.3 Deviation from random distributio

　22.4 Short-range order

　22.5 Long-range order

　22.6 Long- and short-range order

　22.7 The compound energy formalism with short-range order

　22.8 Interstitial ordering

　22.9 Composition dependence of physical effects

References

Index

(瑞典)希勒特（M. Hillert），瑞典皇家工学院教授。

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