征程,从鱼到人的生命之旅中,英文版【正版图书 无忧售后】 下载 pdf 百度网盘 epub 免费 2025 电子书 mobi 在线

《征程：从鱼到人的生命之旅》

这是一部由三位来自不同国度的古生物学家还原与重建的中国古脊椎动物演化的历史，不仅回答了“我们从哪里来”，还让我们看到生命演化历程中充满的惊奇、偶然与不可思议。作者把这纵横5亿年的历史讲得生动有趣，恢弘而不失其细节，充满了形象的比喻和深刻的思考。本书特别聚焦了“从鱼到人”演化中的九个精彩转折，也值得读者悉心地品味。

这段史诗般的历程藉由15个有代表性的中国古生物群以及数万块珍贵的化石为凭证。一些我国特有的绽放着几亿年生命之美的高清晰化石图片和结构复原图系首次精心呈现，引领化石爱好者踏上远古生命的探秘之旅。同时，认知生命演化历程中的这些记录，正是古生物学的魅力所在。

Recommendation?Abstract?of

From?Fish?to?Human—the?March?of?Vertebrate?Life?in?China

This?is?a?history?of?vertebrate?life?in?China?reconstructed?by?three?palaeontologists?from?three?different?countries,?which?not?only?answers?the?classic?philosophic?question:?“where?did?we?come?from”,?but?also?opens?a?window?to?the?amazed,?incidental?and?unimaginable?world?of?the?evolution?of?life.?The?authors?narrate?the?500?million?year?history?in?such?a?vivid?and?interesting?way,?spectacular?but?no?loss?of?detail,?while?abounded?with?elaborate?metaphors?and?deep?reflections.?The?special?focus?of?the?book,?the?“Nine?Key?Transitions”?in?the?evolution?from?fish?to?human,?also?deserves?the?readers’?scrutinization.

In?this?book,?the?historical?march?of?vertebrate?life?in?China?is?exampled?by?fifteen?representative?faunas?which?were?based?upon?several?hundred?thousand?fossil?specimens?as?solid?evidence.?Some?high?resolution?photos?and?structural?reconstructions?of?fossils?are?presented?for?the?first?time,?showing?the?typical?Chinese?beauty?of?life?in?the?past?hundred?million?years,?and?leading?the?fossil?lovers?into?the?exploration?of?prehistoric?life.?In?the?meanwhile,?these?evolutionary?records?of?the?march?of?life?are?also?part?of?the?charm?of?palaeontology.

Introduction前言Just?as?archaeologists?can?piece?together?much?of?the?history?of?the?Shang?from?the?material?evidence?of?oracle?bones?and?bronze?cauldrons,?palaeontologists?can?use?fossils?to?reconstruct?the?far?longer?and?more?outlandish?history?of?life?on?Earth.正如考古学家能够从发掘出的甲骨和青铜器中拼凑出商代的历史概貌，古生物学家也能够用化石信息重建更加遥远和奇异的地球生命史。Before?we?Begin:?Vertebrates,?Deep?Time?and?Fossils从这里开始：脊椎动物、地史时期和化石Skeletons?that?remain?largely?intact?are?rare?and?precious?gifts?from?deep?time?to?humanity.那些基本完整无损的骨骼十分稀少，它们也是大自然的“深时”送给人类的珍贵礼物。Part?One?PalaeozoicCold?Blood?and?Scales篇?古生代冷血与鳞片的时代第1章?The?Chengjiang?Biota:?Dawn?of?the?Vertebrates澄江生物群：脊椎动物的出现The?forces?of?biological?competition?and?predation,?environmental?change,?and?simple?chance?winnowed?the?field?of?early?animal?life,?eliminating?some?creatures?and?thereby?creating?ecological?space?in?which?others?could?flourish.生物竞争和捕食的力量、自然环境的改变，以及单纯的机遇在早期动物的生命中进行筛选，剔除了某些动物，也因此为其他动物的繁盛提供了生态空间。[Key?Transition?1:?The?Beginnings?of?the?Backbone]?大事件1：脊梁骨的起源What?emerges?clearly?from?the?fossil?record?and?the?anatomy?of?modern?hagfish,?lampreys?and?sharks?is?that?the?evolution?of?vertebrae?was?not?a?sudden?event.化石记录以及现生盲鳗、七鳃鳗和鲨鱼的解剖结构明确地告诉我们，脊椎的演化显然不是一个突然的过程。第2章?The?Xiaoxiang?Fauna:?Fishing?for?Answers潇湘动物群：“钓出”真正的答案As?greatly?modified?lobe-finned?fish,?we?humans?stroll?about?on?our?pelvic?fins?and?use?our?pectoral?fins?to?turn?the?pages?of?books?like?the?one?you?are?reading?now.我们人类其实就是一种“超级改进版“的肉鳍鱼，我们用“腹鳍”四处行走，并用“胸鳍”翻动书的书页，就像你现在正在做的这样。[Key?Transition?2:?To?Jaw-Jaw?is?Always?Better]?大事件2?：有颌的感觉真好Vertebrates?of?different?types?use?their?jaws?to?crush?the?throats?of?prey?animals,?slice?and?grind?their?way?through?tough?vegetation,?and?filter?plankton?out?of?seawater.不同的脊椎动物用不同的方式使用它们的颌，有些用来咬破猎物的喉咙，有些切碎研磨植物，又或者从海水中过滤藻类。第3章?The?Zhongning?Fauna:?A?New?Breed?of?Vertebrate中宁动物群：脊椎动物的新类型Amid?these?remains?of?fierce?predators?and?heavily?armoured?prey,?a?single?jaw?fragment?measuring?less?than?10?cm?in?length?and?retaining?only?small?denticles?rather?than?true?teeth?might?seem?unremarkable.就在这些凶猛的捕食者和重装甲的猎物的残骸之间，一段不起眼的颌骨化石隐匿其中。[Key?Transition?3:?Fish?Nearly?Out?of?Water]?大事件3：即将离开水的鱼The?somewhat?ironic?upshot?is?that?the?first?tetrapod?limbs?were?probably?used?more?for?swimming?than?for?walking.值得玩味的是，最早的四足动物的四肢很可能更多地用于游泳而不是行走。第4章?The?Dashankou?Fauna:?Beasts?and?Belebey大山口动物群：兽与蜥的世界A?particularly?interesting?beast?from?the?Dashankou?Fauna?is?the?carnivore?Raranimus?dashankouensis,?whose?name?means?literally?the?“rare?spirit?from?Dashankou”.大山口动物群有一种有趣的动物叫大山口珍稀兽，直译就是“珍稀的大山口精灵”。[Key?Transition?4:?The?Egg,?not?the?Chicken]?大事件4：先有鸡还是先有蛋Next?time?you?buy?amniotic?eggs?in?a?supermarket,?why?not?take?a?moment?to?appreciate?the?sophistication?and?adaptive?value?of?the?intricate?biological?structures?that?will?soon?be?appearing?on?your?dinner?table?下一次你在超市购买羊膜动物的卵时，在它们变成你的盘中餐前，何不花一点时间欣赏一下这一充满进化意义的，复杂而精巧的生物学结构呢？Part?Two?MesozoicThe?Empire?of?Dinosaurs第二篇?中生代恐龙的帝国第5章?The?Guanling?Biota:?Life?Among?the?Dangling?Crinoids关岭生物群：与摇曳的海百合伴生的生命Complete?crinoids?are?among?the?most?spectacular?of?all?invertebrate?fossils,?looking?for?all?the?world?like?flowers?in?some?garden?tended?by?undersea?giants.完整的海百合化石属于现有无脊椎动物化石中最壮观的一景，它们看起来就好像由海底巨人精心照料的花园中的花朵一般。[Key?Transition?5:?Back?to?the?Sea]?大事件5：重返海洋Ichthyosaurs,?with?their?dorsal?and?caudal?fins,?went?further?in?resculpting?their?bodies?to?suit?the?demands?of?the?sea?than?perhaps?any?other?amniotes?except?cetaceans.鱼龙甚至长出了背鳍和尾鳍，这种为了适应海洋生活所做的身体改变，可能比除了鲸类以外的任何羊膜动物都走得更远。第6章?The?Lufeng?Fauna:?China’s?Oldest?Dinosaurs禄丰动物群：中国最古老的恐龙A?single?partial?lower?jaw?represents?perhaps?the?greatest?mystery?of?the?Lufeng?Fauna.禄丰动物群的谜团可能来自一件下颌骨化石。[Key?Transition?6:?The?Stealthy?Rise?of?Mammals]?大事件6:：哺乳动物的悄然兴起For?nearly?the?first?hundred?million?years?of?their?history,?mammals?were?inconspicuous,?mainly?insectivorous?animals?no?larger?than?about?one?metre?in?body?length,?and?for?the?most?part?much?smaller.在最初一亿年的演化历史中，哺乳动物毫不起眼，主要是食虫性的，身体长度不超过一米，而且在多数时间中其体长远远小于这个长度。第7章?The?Dashanpu?Dinosaur?Fauna:?Giants?on?the?Earth沙溪庙动物群：地球上的巨龙By?Shaximiao?times?the?dinosaurs?had?assumed?pride?of?place?in?the?march?of?vertebrate?life,?towering?over?other?terrestrial?carnivores?and?herbivores.在沙溪庙动物群的时代，恐龙已经在脊椎动物的“大游行”中占据了首要的地位，远超过其他陆生的肉食和素食动物。第8章?The?Daohugou?Biota:?Preserved?in?their?Finery道虎沟生物群：地层中的华丽霓裳A?few?decades?ago,?palaeontologists?believed?that?almost?all?Mesozoic?mammaliaforms?were?small,?land-dwelling?insectivores,?and?species?from?the?Daohugou?Biota?have?helped?to?temper?that?substantially?correct?but?excessively?broad?generalisation.几十年前，古生物学者们还在坚信几乎所有中生代的哺乳形动物都是小型、陆生、食虫的动物，但道虎沟的物种有助于调和这一虽然大体正确，但适用度被夸大了的归纳性结论。[Key?Transition?7:?Into?the?Skies]?大事件7：飞上蓝天By?the?time?pterosaurs?went?extinct?at?the?end?of?the?Cretaceous,?birds?had?already?joined?them?as?denizens?of?the?Mesozoic?skies.当翼龙在白垩纪末灭绝时，鸟类已经成为中生代天空中的姣客。第9章?The?Jehol?Biota:?Feathered?Dinosaurs!热河生物群：带羽毛的恐龙!The?feathers?are?long?enough?to?suggest?that?Yutyrannus?would?have?been?rather?shaggy,?a?murderous?fuzzball?stalking?the?forests?of?the?Early?Cretaceous.羽王龙很像一个外表蓬松的凶残杀手，鬼鬼祟祟地游荡在白垩纪早期的森林里。[Key?Transition?8:?A?Profusion?of?Urv?gel]?大事件8：美羽不怕多Exactly?how?old?feathers?are,?in?evolutionary?terms,?is?a?matter?of?profound?uncertainty.从演化的角度观察，“羽毛的具体产生时间”是个很难回答的问题。第10章?The?Wangshi?Fauna:?A?Vast?Dinosaurian?Necropolis王氏动物群：巨大的恐龙墓场Shandong?is?an?appropriate?setting?for?a?rich?trove?of?bones?from?a?late?chapter?in?the?history?of?one?of?the?greatest?dynasties?of?all,?that?of?the?Mesozoic?dinosaurs.由此可见，这里作为中生代恐龙帝国余辉篇章的化石产地，的确十分合适。Part?Three?CenozoicThe?Triumph?of?Mammals第三篇?新生代哺乳动物的大捷第11章?The?Qianshan?Fauna:?Life?After?the?Apocalypse潜山动物群：劫难后的新生If?niches?in?an?ecosystem?are?like?jobs?in?an?economy,?then?mass?extinctions?create?vacancies?that?are?automatically?filled?by?the?first?suitable?candidates?to?step?forward.如果把生态系统中的生态位比做经济领域中的职场职位，那么生物大灭绝所创造的空位会自然而然地被那些最早适应的“求职者”所填补。第12章?The?Shara?Murun?Fauna:?Hooves,?Horns?and?Rams沙拉木伦动物群：各种各样的蹄子和角What?Granger?thought?of?lending?his?name?to?a?large,?and?quite?possibly?aggressive?and?ill-tempered,?Eocene?herbivore?is?uncertain.至于格兰杰博士对把他的姓氏授予这种巨型、好斗、脾气暴躁的始新世食草动物是什么心情，我们就不得而知了。第13章?The?Shanwang?Biota:?Almost?Like?Today山旺生物群：往昔如今Most?of?the?major?groups?of?vertebrates?that?dominate?our?modern?world?were?already?thriving?in?the?Miocene,?whereas?the?brontotheres?and?many?other?characteristic?denizens?of?earlier?Cenozoic?epochs?had?long?since?succumbed?to?extinction.现今统治地球的大多数脊椎动物的主要类群，在中新世时已经十分繁盛，而雷兽和其他诸多新生代早期的居民们则早已灭绝。第14章?The?Hezheng?Biota:?Horses,?Hogs?and?Hyenas和政生物群：马、猪和鬣狗们However,?the?story?of?horses?also?exemplifies?the?baroque?complexity?of?evolution,?in?that?considerable?diversification?took?place?at?every?stage?of?the?slow?canter?from?Eocene?horses?to?Equus.马类演化的故事是典型的巴洛克风格——的确非常复杂：从只会慢跑的始新世马类到健步如飞的真马类，演化过程中的各个阶段都伴随着显著的多样性分异。第15章?The?Zhoukoudian?Fauna:?The?First?Beijingers周口店古人类遗址：最早的“北京人”The?hyenas?could?easily?have?killed?occasional?Peking?Folk?or?seized?the?bodies?of?individuals?who?had?died?of?other?causes,?devouring?them?in?the?fissure?and?leaving?only?fragments?of?shattered?bone.鬣狗会很容易杀死偶遇的北京人，或把因其他原因死去的北京人尸体带回裂隙，大快朵颐，然后留下满地的碎骨。[Key?Transition?9:?Ecce?Homo]?大事件9：人类的黎明In?recent?decades?it?has?become?clear?from?a?variety?of?evidence,?but?above?all?from?genetics,?that?humans?are?especially?closely?related?to?the?African?apes?known?as?chimpanzees.最近几十年越来越多的证据，特别是遗传学证据清晰地显示，人类与非洲的现生猿类——黑猩猩的亲缘关系特别近。Concluding?Thoughts:?the?March?Continues,?Under?Fire结语：演化在“枪林弹雨中”继续A?strong?case?can?be?made?that?a?sixth?mass?extinction?is?unfolding?in?our?modern?world,?as?a?result?of?human?activity.可以很有理由地说，由于人类的活动，我们现在的地球正在经历第六次大灭绝。Afterword?后记Further?reading?延展阅读Appendix?1:?Locations?of?Major?Vertebrate?Fossil?Sites?in?China

舒柯文，加拿大维多利亚大学本科毕业，多伦多大学获得硕士，美国哈佛大学的博士毕业生。现为中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所副研究员，兼任学术刊物《古脊椎动物学报》的英文编辑。经常在中国和他的故乡加拿大进行野外古生物考察。不忙野外的时候会在研究所做恐龙和其他中生代脊椎动物的研究，或者努力学习汉语。这本书是他对古生物科普的首次主要尝试。　　Corwin?Sullivan?is?an?associate?research?professor?of?the?Institute?of?Vertebrate?Paleontology?and?Paleoanthropology,?Chinese?Academy?of?Sciences.?He?completed?his?undergraduate?education?at?the?University?of?Victoria,?Canada?before?going?on?to?earn?an?MSc?degree?at?the?University?of?Toronto?at?Mississauga?and?a?PhD?at?Harvard?University.?He?is?the?English?editor?of?Vertebrata?PalAsiatica,?the?Institute’s?peer-reviewed?scientific?journal.?When?not?busy?with?fieldwork?in?China?or?his?native?Canada,?he?pursues?research?focussing?on?dinosaurs?and?other?Mesozoic?vertebrates?at?the?Institute,?and?studing?Chinese?hard?in?leisure?time.?From?Fish?to?Human:?the?March?of?Vertebrate?Life?in?China?is?his?first?major?science?outreach?effort.　　王原，本科毕业于北京大学地质系古生物及地层专业，曾赴美留学获文学硕士，在中国科学院获得博士学位。现为中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所研究员，曾获中国国家自然科学奖和中国科学院杰出科技成就奖。发现和采集了很多重要的脊椎动物化石，喜欢研究化石青蛙和化石蝾螈。他倾尽心力担任的中国古动物馆馆长一职，决定了他还是讲述中国恐龙故事的高手。　　Wang?Yuan?graduated?from?the?Geology?Department?of?Peking?University?and?received?his?second?MS?degree?in?the?US?and?his?PhD?from?the?Chinese?Academy?of?Sciences.?He?is?now?a?research?professor?of?the?Institute?of?Vertebrate?Paleontology?and?Paleoanthropology,?CAS,?and?serves?as?director?of?the?Paleozoological?Museum?of?China.?He?has?been?awarded?China’s?National?Prize?for?Natural?Sciences?and?the?Outstanding?Science?and?Technology?Achievement?Prize?of?the?Chinese?Academy?of?Sciences.?He?has?discovered?and?collected?many?important?vertebrate?fossils,?and?loves?to?study?fossil?frogs?and?salamanders.?As?the?diligent?director?of?a?palaeontological?museum?in?China,?he?also?excels?at?telling?the?stories?of?Chinese?dinosaurs.　　楚步澜（Brian?Choo），生于新加坡，少年移居澳大利亚，本科毕业于默多克大学，在澳大利亚国立大学获得博士学位，后在中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所做博士后研究（2009-2013），现就职于澳大利亚弗林德斯大学。他的主要研究方向是志留纪和泥盆纪的化石鱼类，偶尔也发表一些中生代海洋爬行动物的论文。他还是位自学成才的画家，曾为学术论文、科普文章、博物馆展览、图书、电视纪录片等绘制古代生命的科学复原图。　　Brian?Choo,?currently?at?Flinders?University,?was?born?in?Singapore?but?moved?to?Australia?at?a?young?age.?He?graduated?from?Murdoch?University?and?received?his?PhD?at?the?Australian?National?University?before?going?on?to?work?as?a?postdoctoral?researcher?at?the?Institute?of?Vertebrate?Paleontology?and?Paleoanthropology,?Chinese?Academy?of?Sciences,?from?2009?to?2013.?His?research?has?focused?primarily?on?fossil?fishes?from?the?Silurian?and?Devonian?Periods,?but?he?has?also?published?occasional?papers?on?Mesozoic?marine?reptiles.?As?a?self-taught?illustrator,?he?has?provided?scientifically?rigorous?life-reconstructions?of?fossil?animals?for?academic?papers,?popular?articles,?museum?exhibits,?books?and?television?documentaries.

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化石记录显示，发育完全的骨质脊椎是在4亿多年的志留纪，从两个关系密切的类群中独立演化出来的：辐鳍鱼类（包括多数的现生鱼类）和肉鳍鱼类（包括肺鱼和腔棘鱼）。由于人类和其他陆生脊椎动物是从肉鳍鱼类中演化出来的，并继承了真正骨质的脊椎，所以从某种意义上讲，人类就是“超级改进版的肉鳍鱼”。

书籍介绍

《征程:从鱼到人的生命之旅》是一部由三位来自不同国度的古生物学家还原与重建的中国古脊椎动物演化的历史，不仅回答了“我们从哪里来”，还让我们看到生命演化历程中充满的惊奇、偶然与不可思议。作者把这纵横5亿年的历史讲得生动有趣，恢弘而不失其细节，充满了形象的比喻和深刻的思考。本书特别聚焦了“从鱼到人”演化中的九个精彩转折，也值得读者悉心地品味。

这段史诗般的历程藉由15个有代表性的中国古生物群以及数万块珍贵的化石为凭证。一些我国特有的绽放着几亿年生命之美的高清晰化石图片和结构复原图系首次精心呈现，引领化石爱好者踏上远古生命的探秘之旅。同时，认知生命演化历程中的这些记录，正是古生物学的魅力所在。