稀化气体中的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 第2版（英文版） 下载 pdf 百度网盘 epub 免费 2025 电子书 mobi 在线

　　《稀化气体中的玻色:爱因斯坦凝聚(第2版)》是一部关于稀化气体中玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚的专著。早在1925年爱因斯坦便预言，气态粒子在低温下会在各方面处于同样的量子状态。《稀化气体中的玻色:爱因斯坦凝聚(第2版)》重点论述其基础物理原理。全书共14章，每章末附有问题和参考文献，书末附有基本常数和转换因数的附录。《稀化气体中的玻色:爱因斯坦凝聚(第2版)》适用于高校物理系及相关专业的教师、研究生和从事新物态及相关研究的科研工作者。

Preface 

1 Introduction 

1.1 Bose—Einstein condensation in atomic clouds 

1.2 Superfluid 4He 

1.3 Other condensates 

1.4 Overview 

Problems 

References 

2 The non—interacting Bose gas 

2.1 The Bose distribution 

2.1.1 Density of states 

2.2 Transition temperature and condensate fraction 

2.2.1 Condensate fraction 

2.3 Density profile and velocity distribution 

2.3.1 The semi—classical distribution 

2.4 Thermodynamic quantities 

2.4.1 Condensed phase 

2.4.2 Normal phase 

2.4.3 Specific heat close to Tc 

2.5 Effect of finite particle number 

Problems 

References 

3 Atomic properties 

3.1 Atomic structure 

3.2 The Zeeman effect 

3.3 Response to an electric field 

3.4 Energy scales 

Problems 

References 

4 Trapping and cooling of atoms 

4.1 Magnetic traps 

4.1.1 The quadrupole trap 

4.1.2 The TOP trap 

4.1.3 Magnetic bottles and the Ioffe—Pritchard trap 

4.1.4 Microtraps 

4.2 Influence of laser light on an atom 

4.2.1 Forces on an atom in a laser field 

4.2.2 Optical traps 

4.3 Laser cooling： the Doppler process 

4.4 The magneto—optical trap 

4.5 Sisyphus cooling 

4.6 Evaporative cooling 

4.7 Spin—polarized hydrogen 

Problems 

References 

5 Interactions between atoms 

5.1 Interatomic potentials and the van der Waals interaction 

5.2 Basic scattering theory 

5.2.1 Effective interactions and the scattering length 

5.3 Scattering length for a model potential 

5.4 Scattering between different internal states 

5.4.1 Inelastic processes 

5.4.2 Elastic scattering and Feshbach resonances 

5.5 Determination of scattering lengths 

5.5.1 Scattering lengths for alkali atoms and hydrogen 

Problems 

References 

6 Theory of the condensed state 

6.1 The Gross—Pitaevskii equation 

6.2 The ground state for trapped bosons 

6.2.1 A variational calculation 

6.2.2 The Thomas—Fermi approximation 

6.3 Surface structure of clouds 

6.4 Healing of the condensate wave function 

6.5 Condensates with dipolar interactions 

Problems 

References 

7 Dynamics of the condensate 

7.1 General formulation 

7.1.1 The hydrodynamic equations 

7.2 Elementary excitations 

7.3 Collective modes in traps 

7.3.1 Traps with spherical symmetry 

7.3.2 Anisotropic traps 

7.3.3 Collective coordinates and the variational method 

7.4 Surface modes 

7.5 Free expansion of the condensate 

7.6 Solitons 

7.6.1 Dark solitons 

7.6.2 Bright solitons 

Problems 

References 

8 Microscopic theory of the Bose gas 

8.1 The uniform Bose gas 

8.1.1 The Bogoliubov transformation 

8.1.2 Elementary excitations 

8.1.3 Depletion of the condensate 

8.1.4 Ground—state energy 

8.1.5 States with definite particle number 

8.2 Excitations in a trapped gas 

8.3 Non—zero temperature 

8.3.1 The Hartree—Fock approximation 

8.3.2 The Popov approximation 

8.3.3 Excitations in non—uniform gases 

8.3.4 The semi—classical approximation 

Problems 

References 

9 Rotating condensates 

9.1 Potential flow and quantized circulation 

9.2 Structure of a single vortex 

9.2.1 A vortex in a uniform medium 

9.2.2 Vortices with multiple quanta of circulation 

9.2.3 A vortex in a trapped cloud 

9.2.4 An off—axis vortex 

9.3 Equilibrium of rotating condensates 

9.3.1 Traps with an axis of symmetry 

9.3.2 Rotating traps 

9.3.3 Vortex arrays 

9.4 Experiments on vortices 

9.5 Rapidly rotating condensates 

9.6 Collective modes in a vortex lattice 

Problems 

References 

10 Superfluidity 

10.1 The Landau criterion 

10.2 The two—component picture 

10.2.1 Momentum carried by excitations 

10.2.2 Normal fluid density 

10.3 Dynamical processes 

10.4 First and second sound 

10.5 Interactions between excitations 

10.5.1 Landau damping 

Problems 

References 

11 Trapped clouds at non—zero temperature 

11.1 Equilibrium properties 

11.1.1 Energy scales 

11.1.2 Transition temperature 

11.1.3 Thermodynamic properties 

11.2 Collective modes 

11.2.1 Hydrodynamic modes above Tc 

11.3 Collisional relaxation above Tc 

11.3.1 Relaxation of temperature anisotropies 

11.3.2 Damping of oscillations 

Problems 

References 

12 Mixtures and spinor condensates 

12.1 Mixtures 

12.1.1 Equilibrium properties 

12.1.2 Collective modes 

12.2 Spinor condensates 

12.2.1 Mean—field description 

12.2.2 Beyond the mean—field approximation 

Problems 

References 

13 Interference and correlations 

13.1 Tunnelling between two wells 

13.1.1 Quantum fluctuations 

13.1.2 Squeezed states 

13.2 Interference of two condensates 

13.2.1 Phase—locked sources 

13.2.2 Clouds with definite particle number 

13.3 Density correlations in Bose gases 

13.3.1 Collisional shifts of spectral lines 

13.4 Coherent matter wave optics 

13.5 Criteria for Bose—Einstein condensation 

13.5.1 The density matrix 

13.5.2 Fragmented condensates 

Problems 

References 

14 Optical lattices 

14.1 Generation of optical lattices 

14.1.1 One—dimensional lattices 

14.1.2 Higher—dimensional lattices 

14.1.3 Energy scales 

14.2 Energy bands 

14.2.1 Band structure for a single particle 

14.2.2 Band structure for interacting particles 

14.2.3 Tight—binding model 

14.3 Stability 

14.3.1 Hydrodynamic analysis 

14.4 Intrinsic non—linear effects 

14.4.1 Loops 

14.4.2 Spatial period doubling 

14.5 From superfluid to insulator 

14.5.1 Mean—field approximation 

14.5.2 Effect of trapping potential 

14.5.3 Experimental detection of coherence 

Problems 

References 

15 Lower dimensions 

15.1 Non—interacting gases 

15.2 Phase fluctuations 

15.2.1 Vortices and the Berezinskii—Kosterlitz—Thouless transition 

15.3 Microscopic theory of phase fluctuations 

15.3.1 Uniform systems 

15.3.2 Anisotropic traps 

15.4 The one—dimensional Bose gas 

15.4.1 The strong—coupling limit 

15.4.2 Arbitrary coupling 

15.4.3 Correlation functions 

Problems 

References 

16 Fermions 

16.1 Equilibrium properties 

16.2 Effects of interactions 

16.3 Superfluidity 

16.3.1 Transition temperature 

16.3.2 Induced interactions 

16.3.3 The condensed phase 

16.4 Pairing with unequal populations 

16.5 Boson—fermion mixtures 

16.5.1 Induced interactions in mixtures 

Problems 

References 

17 From atoms to molecules 

17.1 Bose—Einstein condensation of molecules 

17.2 Diatomic molecules 

17.2.1 Binding energy and the atom—atom scattering length 

17.2.2 A simple two—channel model 

17.2.3 Atom—atom scattering 

17.3 Crossover： From BCS to BEC 

17.3.1 Wide and narrow Feshbach resonances 

17.3.2 The BCS wave function 

17.3.3 Crossover at zero temperature 

17.3.4 Condensate fraction and pair wave function 

17.4 Crossover at non—zero temperature 

17.4.1 Thermal molecules 

17.4.2 Pair fluctuations and thermal molecules 

17.4.3 Density of atoms 

17.4.4 Transition temperature 

17.5 A universal limit 

17.6 Experiments in the crossover region 

17.6.1 Collective modes 

17.6.2 Vortices 

Problems 

References 

Appendix.Fundamental constants and conversion factors 

Inder

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